Families Play an Important Role in the Future of a Child Essay

Susan Lieberman, a Ph.D. psychologist, once said, â€Å"Family traditions counter alienation and confusion. They help us define who we are; they provide something steady, reliable and safe in a confusing world.† It is true, that families indeed play an important role in the future of a child. Families nurture a child, and mould him or her into who they become in the future. Families are the support and backing of a child, and how they are going to identify and pursue their dreams and largely depend on their family of origin. A child is shaped through beliefs and values that his or her family holds about the world and that are based on family member’s experiences. Without a family, a child would be relinquished of the chance to be guided and nurtured, and their future would be bleak and unclear. In today’s modern society, a child’s family moreover consists of their mother and father, and perhaps a sibling or two. A child’s parents are the ones supporting the family, leaving for work at first light, and only returning in the late evening. They are too kept up in the hectic working lifestyle, and ultimately are incapable of making time to spend with their children. The children, in turn, are unable to share with someone about their day’s activities, and lack the opportunity to be guided and taught the right values and behavior they should uphold and portray in their lives. This could be highly detrimental to a child, as they are not given a chance to experience a family’s love and warmth, and they will grow cold and distant. To illustrate this point, the child, as he or she grows older, may turn to their friends who may be a bad influence on them, or may turn to substances such as drinking, smoking or takings drugs, so as to fill that void of family in their hearts. Consequently, the child has already been guided away from the bright future they would have if it weren’t for his or her absent family. Their future would look bleak and hopeless. Conversely, a child who has experienced parental and family love would be able to uphold the proper values in life. They would be able to tell right from wrong, as they would have been guided and taught by their parents’ past experiences. Their beliefs and thinking can be reinforced and justified, and they will be put on the right path to pursue their future. As stressed in the quote above, families help a child define who we are; they provide something steady, reliable and safe in a confusing world. The role families’ play in the future of a child is extremely crucial, as it is the deciding factor of what a child believes in and also their ability to tell apart right from wrong in our confusing world. Statistics show that children raised in families do better if their parents stay together than if they divorced. This highlights the importance of the role families play in the future of their child. If there is a divorce between a child’s parents, the child could be too distraught and traumatised by the separation and the feeling of having to accept that he or she would never have a proper family ever again. It can be severely detrimental to the child and he or she may not be able to focus properly on their studies, and can even withdraw from their social circle. With failing studies, the child will lose the chance to have a bright future, and may eventually get influenced by their surroundings to take substances in order to cope with their loss. Hence, this proves the importance of having a whole family. Only with a proper and loving family can a child prosper and grow into a beautiful person he or she is meant to be in the future. A child in a family should never be neglected. Without adult supervision and with the lack of care and concern showered upon a child, he or she may feel neglected and unloved, that his or her presence means nothing to their family, that they are unwanted. This could lead to the mental thought that they are unwanted, or in extreme cases, depression. This shows how important a role family plays in the future of a child. Family gives a sense of security to the child, that no matter what happens, their family will always be there to support them and nurture them. If such a feeling is stripped from them, they can be led astray from the right path. Families definitely play a big part in the upbringing and the future of a child. They lead the child down the right path, and are always watching over them, ready to correct their mistakes and teach them the correct values they should have. A family gives a child a sense of belonging and a sense of love toward each other.

Research Article Analysis Essay

This research article analysis is over the article Undergraduate student researchers, preferred learning styles, and basic science research: A winning combination which is published in the Clearing House Journal and written by Lori Woeste and Beverly Barham. This article can also be found in Week One Electronic Reserve Readings. In this analysis a summary of the article will be provided, the type of information discussed in the article will be given, as well as if the information in this article should be considered reliable and valid. Summary This article is based on basic science research and the role that a team dynamic has on a student. What studies have found is that while the technical portion of research can pose as a challenge, student researchers are often challenged with thriving in various team dynamics as well (Woeste & Barhamm, 2012). Woeste and Barham (2012) explains that understanding the preferred learning style of a student can pose as an advantage for mentors because it allows them to have a better understanding of how meet these challenges. In this article, the authors also chronicles the background of working alongside student researchers whom prefer different learning styles. The authors also correlate this information with how being well-informed on students’ preferred learning styles can contribute towards creating an environment enriched in positive learning experiences, which ultimately results in a winning combination for the team as a whole (Woeste & Barham, 2012). Type of Information The first section of the research paper introduces the two student researchers and his or her preferred learning style. Research student one  (SR1) had a preferred learning style of kinesthetic and research student two (SR2) had a preferred learning style of visual, with both agreeing that auditory was the least preferred learning style. According to Woeste and Barhman, â€Å"The nature of the basic science research required strict adherence to sterile technique, chemical hygiene protocols, quality control guidelines, and handling of microbiological specimens† (2012, pg. 64). Both research students were then asked to demonstrate various techniques needed in basic science research and both did so accordingly, displaying a throrough understanding and competence in the techniques required (Woeste & Barham, 2012). The next section chronicles the beginning of the project. After receiving a detailed plan from the grant application, the student researchers were asked to investigate and report the timing of adherence for bacteria to different substances (Woeste & Barham, 2012). Right away it was noticed that SR1 was experiencing difficulty starting anything new and although SR1 was able to take over once receiving help, there was a significant reoccurrence of the same issue (Woeste & Barham, 2012). However, after moving SR1 from the office space to the laboratory where he or she could have a hands-on approach to using instruments and protocols, SR1 displayed competence in the ability to begin and he or she began a great source of contribution by manipulating items to help in the creative part of the process (Woeste & Barham, 2012). By moving SR1 from the office to the laboratory, the student researcher was able to contribute as well as learn in a learning style that was best suited for his or her needs. While SR2 did not display the need for a hands-on approach to develop new ideas for various parts of the project, it was quickly noticed that SR2 required a need to write down all protocols and information in regard to the project (Woeste & Barham, 2012). Due to the fact that all research should be documented, SR2 was able to contribute to the documentation aspect of the research (Woeste & Barham, 2012). In the end, SR2 was also able to contribute in a manner that benefited the project as well as suited his or her preferred learning style just as SR1 was and together the two complemented one another. Since both students preferred auditory learning least, they were both given sample question that he or she may encounter during the presentation as a way to ease nerves and prepare. The next section of this article explains how SR1 and SR2 did during the  presentation. Both students answered questions and provided information in a manner that was in coherence with each of their learning styles. SR1 spoke with hand gestures, motions, and simulated steps in the laboratory while SR2 referred to the visual poster used in the delivery of the presentation to provide information and answer questions (Woeste & Barham, 2012). The last section of this article includes the conclusion and in findings that were discovered throughout this project. Throughout this project, the authors discovered that taking a learning-center approach, students are able to learn better and work together more efficiently because it attempts to â€Å"contextualize the construct of learning styles, with the ultimate goal of improving pedagogical practice† (Woeste & Barhman, 2012, p. 65). Reliability or Validity This article would be deemed as reliable and valid because of the source from which the information came, the citations and evidence used in the article, and credentials of the authors. The Clearing House is a journal of educational strategies, issues, and ideas through the use of peer-reviewed articles (Taylor and Francis Group, n.d.) The authors also used outside sources and citations from other journals as well as books that come from valid and peer-reviewed articles and information. Last, the authors have credentials in this field of work and study to accurately report and investigate the topic in which this article was about. Conclusion Providing an analysis on a research article requires much more depth and thought than simply reading the content in the article. A reader must begin with first understanding what the article is about and who the authors are and the source from which the article is coming from. Once a student has done this, an outline should be created of each section in the article and a summary should be developed. A summary will help the student to easily identify the main points in the article. After doing so, a highlight of each section should be done so that a quick, yet thorough understanding of the article can be assessed. If all steps are followed, students should be able to correctly present a research paper on articles and after time, improve his or her ability to do so. References Woeste, L. A., & Barham, B. J. (2007). Undergraduate student researchers, preferred learning styles, and basic science research: A winning combination. The Clearing House, 81(2), 63-66. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/196879481?accountid=35812 Taylor and Francis Group. (n.d.). Genamics. Retrieved from http://journalseek.net/cgi-bin/journalseek/journalsearch.cgi?field=issn&query=0009-8655

Riba & Its Types

Riba' The word â€Å"Riba† means excess, increase or addition, which correctly interpreted according to Shariah terminology, implies any excess compensation without due consideration (consideration does not include time value of money). Types of Riba: 1. Riba' AnNisi'ah: This is the stipulated interest which the lender takes from the borrower in consideration of the time given to the borrower to pay back the capital. It is HARAM based on the Quran and the Sunnah and the consensus of Muslim scholars. . Riba' Al Fadl:   This applies to barter (exchanging one commodity for another), where   commodities of the same type are exchanged in unequal amounts, especially the exchange of precious metals and foodstuffs, it is HARAM, by the Sunnah and the concensus of scholars; as it paves the way for Riba' nNasi'ah. Numerous ahadith have demonstrated the prohibition with regard to gold, silver, wheat, barley, dates, and salt. The Prophet sallaAllahu ‘alayhi wa sellem said, â€Å"Gold for gold, and silver for silver, and wheat for wheat, and barley for barley, and dates for dates, and salt for salt, like for like, equal for equal, from hand to hand (the transaction must be completed before the two sides leave each other). But if the types are different then sell as you wish, as long as it is hand to hand. †Ã‚   (Muslim) The Prophet sallaAllahu ‘alayhi wa sellem also said, â€Å"Whoever gives more or asks for more (than what he gave) commits an act of Riba', the given and the taken are equivalent (in the sin). (Muslim) The Prophet sallaAllahu ‘alayhi wa sellem said, â€Å"Prohibited selling food (of the same variety) except equivalent in weight and hand to hand. † (Muslim) â€Å"Do not sell gold for gold unless equivalent in weight (and from hand to hand), and do not sell less amount for greater amount or vice versa, and do not sell silver for silver unless equivalent in we ight (and from hand to hand), and do not sell less amount for greater amount or vice versa and do not sell gold or silver that is not present at the moment of exchange for gold or silver that is present. †Ã‚   (agreed upon) To lend a bank money or borrow from it on the condition of a payment of a fixed annual or monthly percentage rate of interest, say 2%, or more or less, is a form of PROHIBITED RIBA'. â€Å"†¦ whereas Allah has permitted trading and forbidden Riba' (usury)†¦ †Ã‚   2:275 Poverty isn't an excuse for Riba'. Mudaraba: which is a form of partnership where one person invests money and the other invests his skill and effort, and they share the profit or loss of the enterprise, so Islam did not impose any hardship on the people (by prohibiting Riba') but rather it provided them with a viable alternative to it, among them are the following: . Qard Hasan (a beautiful loan): Istead of a Muslim loaning his money on interest which causes pollution and blight on all his property and oppresses the borrower, Islam encourages him to make the loan Qard Hasan, and promised him a gracious reward for it;   Allah said, â€Å"Who is he that will lend to Allah a goodly loan so that Her ma y multiply it to him many times? †Ã‚   2:245 2. Giving an extension to a person who cannot repay the loan on time because of financial difficulty, until he gets back on his feet. And Islam encourages the lender to forgive the loan altogether in this circumstance;   Allah said, â€Å"And if the debtor is in a hard time (has no money), then grant him time till it is easy for him to repay, but if you remit it by way of charity, that is better for you if you did but know. † 2:280 3. Mutual Aid by all means: This encompasses mutual aid on a social level, in industry and in agriculture, and social security by financing farmers and industrialists and craftsmen in order to enable them to produce effectively. This returns a benefit to the whole Ummah. Also, opening schools and buidling hospitals and homes for the elderly and the incapacitated and all other items alike fall under the mutual aid mentioned in the verse†¦ â€Å"†¦ help you one another in Al Birr and atTaqwa (virtue, righteousness and piety);†¦ †Ã‚   5:2                    The society which realizes these means will proceed, in the shade of this comprehensive mutual aid, happily and far removed from the distress of Riba'. . We should not forget the payment of Zakat to those who deserve it. This will have a major impact on getting rid of Riba'. BEWARE:   from putting your money in a *nonIslamic bank*. Even if you don't take interest on it, the bank takes your money and loans it out to gain interest. So you are helping the Riba' system, and are indirectly responsible and beware from taking loans from those banks.

Comparative Analysis of Islamic and Conventional Bank Risk Essay

The decline of the religion has been attributed into modern times with a materialistic culture by the popular wisdom of today, the understanding of religion has embedded this view, as nature having only spiritual limits, and the worldly well being of an individual is very detached in this relation. However, this understanding of Islam religion has been misguided by many of among us in the past, as well as in the present. A critical role has been played by every religion regarding the guidance to survive in a society communally, and in the characterization of different markets of that time. In the religious regards, equal distribution of wealth and debt annulment was preached and emphasized by every religion in the past. The enforcement of the debt bond has been strongly rejected by all the beliefs and the concept of canceling the debt have been upheld by them. In the past, in order to satisfy and fulfill the financial needs of devout and pious Muslims, a concept of money depository was introduced in the Islamic civilization, which has now become a growing phenomenon of the world, that is, around 1. 6 billion Muslims in the world. The macro-economic properties of banking institution have been studies by many economists with relation to an ideal and isolated Islamic economy framework. In modern days, the working of this pioneering financial system is going on very effectively in various parts of the world. In many developed and under-developed countries, the other conventional banking systems are having this unique financing system besides them in every sector of the economy. In this regard, the comparative analysis has been done in this study, which will try to differentiate the Islamic banking system with the Conventional ones. In this study, we will try to understand and clarify the demarcation between the Islamic and Conventional Banking and the risks that are borne by these methods of banking. A financial intermediary having the aims and objectives related to the principles of Islamic law or ‘Shariah’ may be defined as an Islamic Banking System. Consequently, the zero-interest activities and operations are the key features of this distinctive banking system. However, eliminating the transactions based on interest is not the only objective of Islamic banking. The abolishment of all kinds of exploitation is also another aspect of Islamic banking system. In result, a balanced and unbiased social order is established by the system in this regard. Only the role of financier is not played by an Islamic bank. It also works as a partner in the business of an individual. Due to this, the risk between the capital owner and the entrepreneurs is involved by this system. However, the positive result of the collective efforts is also shared by the Islamic banking. Thus, the other conventional banking and interest-based system differs from the Islamic banking, as only the entrepreneur or the owner of the capital bears the risk in the conventional banking, and vice versa. However, the individual and bank shares the abovementioned with each other, which provides the entrepreneur to develop as a whole. In other way, participatory banking name can be given to the Islamic banking in this regard. In the Islamic economics, zero return on capital is not meant by the eliminating process of the interest in this unique banking system, as the pre-determination of a fixed return is forbidden for a certain amount of production in the Islamic laws. The equity based investment principle is followed by the Islamic banks. The contraction of the resources based on deals relating to the sharing of risks, and the ventures of capital is also proposed by the Islamic banking. It has been noted by the economists that economic growth and development of an individual becomes applicable and easy with the vital role that is played by the Islamic banks around the world. We can say that a relationship between finance, commerce, and industry is tried and developed by this exclusive banking system, which differs from the other conventional banking due to these characteristics of its system. The Islamic banking plays its role as an equity-based system, where the pre-determined interest rate is excluded, and the nominal value of deposits is not guaranteed. In result, changing values of the share deposits absorbs the shock to asset position immediately. Therefore, in such system, the assets and liabilities of bank will carry the same real value at all the points. However, in the more traditional and conventional banking system, a diversion can be caused between the real assets and liabilities by such shocks in the process of fixed nominal value of deposits. Therefore, the abovementioned features of this Islamic banking differs it from the traditional and conventional banking system, and so, various levels of risks are borne by these systems. Nowadays, many countries are trying to examine the possibilities of the introduction of an interest-free banking system based on the Islamic laws and principles. It has also been argued and discussed that if the Islamic financial system will be established in the various countries, it will be feasible, but also profitable for the individuals, as well as, the companies as a whole. These days, the truth of interest as an unbearable burden is being realized by the Western countries, as well as, the developing countries around the world. In this regard, all the interests have been waived by the Canada. A similar move has been made by the Australia. The suggestion of waiving off the 30 to 35% of the present interests of the debt has been officially given by the President of France. Therefore, it may be generalized that Islamic Banking and Financing System is a unique and distinctive system, which differs from the conventional banking systems around the world. In order to make a more detailed comparative view of the working and risks borne by the Islamic and Conventional Banking Systems, we will try to analyze with the help of data that represents the comparison between these two financial systems that are applied and practiced around the world. There are some different and diverse characteristics of the abovementioned two banking systems, which should be discussed in order to clarify the comparison between them. In the Islamic Financing system, the number of customers is less than the Marketing-based financing system. The ownership of the Islamic Banking is usually taken by the local or foreign individuals. However, only the local shareholders enjoy the ownership in the conventional banking system. In the Islamic banking, the integration of different activities is very high as compared to the traditional banking system. Lastly, the Islamic financing system has the high intensity of managing and bearing the risk internally, as well as externally. However, the risk is managed and borne by the Marketing-based financing system less internally and externally. Risk sharing is closely related to the risk management; no matter it may be external or internal in its nature. Development of close ties between the customers, and other interest groups may bring the risk externalization by an organization. It has also been indicated by various economists that one contributing factor that is related to the risk management is the long-term relations, which are made on the mutual dependence in an organization. From the different studies related to the Islamic Financing System, the responsibilities are shared by the junior and the senior staff jointly in organizations. In this case, the higher and lower level of management shares the risk. However, in the Marketing-based and Conventional Banking system, the internal risk is shared on a lower basis due to the centralization of power and authority, as compared to the Islamic Banking System. Conclusively, a high degree of the sharing of internal risk is characterized during managing the risk management in the Islamic Banking system as compared to the other conventional financing systems. Therefore, there are many differentiation between the Islamic and Traditional Banking systems around the world. Regarding the risk externalization, in the Islamic Banking system, the close lender-borrower relationships are characterized during the lending activities of organizations. The borrowers are also guided by the Islamic bankers apart from lending funds to them. In result, efficient network relationships create the increment of the externalization of risks relating to the partners who exchange in this regard. Therefore, in the Islamic Financing System, the degree of external risk is observed to be high. However, the formal lenders-borrowers relationships are characterized within the Conventional and Marketing-based financing system. In the result, it is a low degree of externalization of risks in this traditional banking system. In this regard, the extent of success of a banking organization is determined by the lender-borrower relationships, where the customers are given credit in this regard. Direct contacts with the various customers are maintained within the Islamic, as well as, the Conventional Financing Systems. The differentiation is observed in the Islamic Banking System while dealing with the financial activities, as the borrowed funds are monitored closely by these bankers, which results in the higher intensity of the lender-borrower relationships. In this regard, the risks are borne on a higher extent by the Islamic Banking system as compared to the conventional ones. However, the bank gets the higher profit as we have tried to discuss it in the abovementioned matter. Conclusively, the issues of fairness and justice are concerned in the Islamic principles that are related to the interest, rather than defining the efficiency narrowly. The focus is placed on the necessity of sharing the risk in a stable condition with the help of these principles, as well as, at the time of exploitation of the markets. We have also clarified that the Islamic Financing System works on the equity-based projects. However, the conventional ones prefer the debit-based schemes for the lenders and individuals. In an Islamic financing situation, the ownership is shared by the both bank and the client, and in the Conventional banking, all the equity is owned by the client, and the property value plays as a security to the bank loan. We hope that this study will help the scholars and the economists in understanding the role and differentiation of the Islamic & Conventional Banking around the world. Works Cited Ahmad, S. (1992). Towards Interest-Free Banking. New Delhi: International Islamic Publishers. Chapra, M. (2000). The Future of Economics: An Islamic Perspective. Leicester, UK: The Islamic Foundation. Dar, A. H. , and Presley, J. R. (1999). Islamic Finance: A Western Perspective. International Journal of Islamic Financial Services. Dar, A. (2002). Islamic House Financing in the United Kingdom: Problems, Challenges, and Prospects. Ahmad, K. (1994). Elimination of Riba: Concepts and Problems, Response to the Supreme Court Questionnaire. Institute of Policy Studies, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Sea world orlando Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sea world orlando - Essay Example The park is highly popular as tourist spot for children and adults alike. The theme based marine park has contributed to the environment conservation and preservation mainly through its adventure trips and exhibitions of wild lives of ocean. The highlights of the park are its killer whale; seal and dolphin display; adventure rides like wild arctic, Shamu happy harbor, journey to Atlantis; shows, exhibits; and wild life experience with killer whale, penguins, dolphins and other marine lives. The exhilarating ride and breathtaking shows keep the visitors entranced. Some of the rides like Shamu are thrilling in their experience as they take the riders under the oceans to have a close animal encounter. The various adventure camps and programs are especially helpful in creating deep awareness of the ocean wild life creatures as many of them encourage interaction with the sea animals. The friendly penguins and playful dolphins serve dual purpose of entertaining visitors and creating awareness amongst them. The normal hours from October 6, 2011 would be from 9 a.m to 6

Software Development (JAVA) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Software Development (JAVA) - Coursework Example The working methods illustrate the functionalities / pusposes of the different classes. The underived class checkStock has not been dervied or linked to any child classes and therfore it has been shown seperately with its data members and method members. Class Hierarchy_Diagram The class hierarchy diagram shows the 5 classes in a hierarchical way with the super class / parent class / base class on top i.e., the class calculateCost. The child classes are shown at the bottom and they have been labelled as implementing classes with definitions of the member methods of the parent class. The super class has been labelled as an abstract class because of the absence of method definitions i.e., abstract methods. Instance_Diagram The instance diagram shows the object instances of the class calculateCost and its sub classes: box, triangular and cylindrical. It shows the super classes protected data members being accessed by the sub classes. The instance diagram depicts the flow of the object o riented program and traces the entire execution path or process flow of the application. It shows the values and the calculations as it occures in a real time execution scenario. Use Case Diagram The Use Case diagram illustrated the actors i.e., the Operator who initialises the stock of grade 1, grade 2, grade 3 of boards present in the company’s reserves for designing of tubes and boxes. The processes of a customer logging in and making an order choice for a box or a tube, the grade and the other additional specifications like reinforcble bottom, sealable top, color printing etc. Calculation of Cost: The cost is calculated based on the grade of the material. The additional costs of sealable tops, reinforcble bottoms, color printing are added to the total cost as percentages The main calculation is involved in the part where the surface area is calculated using the method calculateSurfaceArea. It accepts the inputs for total units ordered (example n), the dimensions and the t ype ( board grade) from the user. For the Box it calculates the surface by employing the folowing mathematical calculation: Surface area = n X length X height For the Triangular tube the following calculation is performed Surface area = n X {(0.5 X side1 X side2) + {squareroot {(side1)2 + (side2)2}* height} +side1 X height + side2 X height For the cylindrical tube the surface area is calculated using the following mathematical formula: Surface area = n X 3.14*radius2 + (2 X 3.14 X radius * height ) Here n is the number of ordered units or the quantity Height is the height of the triangular or cylindrical tube Side 1 and side 2 are the two sides of the triangle base tube Radius is the radius of the cylindrical tube Length, breadth and height are the three sides of the box Calculation of available material (Quantity Exceeded) The total ordered surface areas of grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 are compared with the initially entered quantity of board material by the order. Accordingly the output is displayed and message shown whether the ordered quantity has exceeded the stock

Think Piece 1 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Think Piece 1 - Term Paper Example There is also a difference between criminalization and decriminalization; this is due to the fact that criminalization is a form of punishment, while decriminalization is the change of a previously punishable act to a legal one, in order to save vulnerable people, for example abortion. Various acts and behaviors have been criminalized in the United States, while others have been decriminalized. Keywords: Crime, Process of Criminalization, Process of Decriminalization, Criminalization, Decriminalization, Punishment, Violation, Criminal HIV Transmission, Child Abuse, Domestic Violence, Prostitution, Abortion, Homosexuality, Gambling, Marijuana Crime can be defined as an abuse of society rules of behavior as stated and expressed by a criminal legal code (Siegel, 2009). Walston-Dunham on the other hand defined crime as â€Å"conduct in abuse of the criminal laws of a state, the government, or a local jurisdiction, for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse† ( 1990, p. 499). Criminalization refers to both the absolute means that place certain conduct under the threat of punishment, and to the legal action of introducing these means. Criminalization can therefore be defined as the â€Å"legally binding decision to put a certain form of conduct under the threat of punishment† (Duff, Farmer, Marshall, Renzo, & Tadros, 2010, p. 239). The difference between crime and the process of criminalization is that crime is a violation of rules that are set to govern a society, while the process of criminalization is a punishment for the law breakers. Decriminalization refers to â€Å"adjustment of moral boundaries to social change or, to retain the vocabulary borrowed from Piaget, as normative accommodation† (Abel, 1995, p. 214). Criminalization takes precedence over its counterpart decriminalization (Spierenburg, 2008). The difference between the process of criminalization and decriminalization is that in criminalization, there is a form of punishment and the acts and behaviors are regarded as illegal, while decriminalization is the change of a previously punishable act to a legal one, in order to save vulnerable people; hence in decriminalization the acts and behaviors that were regarded as illegal are no longer illegal. Examples of acts and behaviors that have been decriminalized in the United States include abortion, homosexuality, marijuana use, and gambling. Examples of acts and behaviors that have been criminalized in the United States include criminal HIV transmission, child abuse, prostitution, and domestic violence. Laws governing abortion have been varied in different states. In 1973 many states criminalized abortion. However, it was permitted when a woman`s life was at risk and many US courts stated that all abortion laws were unconstitutional. The court recognized that a woman`s right to privacy includes a right to determine whether or not to continue her pregnancy, but that right is not absolute (Marsh all Cavendish, 2009). Abortion has been the central platform for the women’s movement. Its decriminalization maintains that abortion can either be a medical or a legal issue, but a woman`s right (Anleu, 2000). Decriminalization doesn’t provide women with an absolute right to abortion, and is to be practiced by medical practitioners under critical circumstances. Homosexuality in the United States is a behavior that has been decriminaliz