subcultural thoery essays

subcultural thoery essays Examine the similarities and differences between subcultural theory and strain theory as explanations for deviant behaviour? Sociologists have tried to explain the reasons for deviant behaviour by using subcultural theories and strain theory. Subcultural theories are based upon the distinctive norms and values shared by a group within society and how these can lead to deviant behaviour. Strain theory is based on the contrast between an individuals aspirations and expectations with what they can realistically achieve. These theories have been adapted by sociologists to create a clearer view of crime and deviance within society. Functionalists such as Durkheim, describe crime and deviance as an integral part of all healthy societies. His theory explained that a limited amount of crime is necessary and beneficial to society and that it performed a crucial function for society, although too much crime would be dysfunctional. Robert Merton used Durkheims concept of anomie, as he provided social reason for crime and deviance. But Merton thought it was too vague in its original form. It did not offer any real explanation as to why certain people are more likely to commit crimes than others and concentrated on the relationship between deviance and order in society. Merton focused on the obsession of the American Dream where anyone can achieve the best and success is shown in wealth. He explained that materialism in America was taken to such an extreme within the value consensus that it caused a state of anomie. He found a strain between what people want, (goal) and how they attain their goal, (means). This ex planation is structural, as Merton locates the cause of deviance in the nature of American society, rather than any defects from the individual. Deviance occurs when individuals reject the goal of success or legitimate means of reaching that goal. Merton identified five possible responses ...